C++ is one of the most versatile programming languages on the market and is used in numerous popular software apps and games.
Variables are identified using identifiers that comply with some basic syntax rules. Once named, values may be assigned using operators such as -, +, / and == to control them.
Instructor Frank Mitropolous brings with him extensive industry and training expertise, showing you the basics of this essential programming language.
Basic Concepts
If you’re new to programming or looking to brush up on your skills, this tutorial can be an invaluable asset. Covering all the essentials – variables, conditionals, loops – as well as object oriented programming concepts like objects and inheritance, it also introduces file handling features like STL template classes operator overloading lambda expressions which will show how these advanced language features can help create programs which generate fractal images.
This video is tailored toward beginners who already possess programming experience and wish to switch over to C++. Taking an incremental approach, this tutorial teaches the fundamentals of this language while emphasizing ‘how’ rather than ‘what’ programming. For instance, it demonstrates how to use compiler and IDE (Integrated Development Environment) software tools for writing programs; additionally it will cover implementing several basic arithmetic operations such as calculating triangle areas or numbers, finding their factorials or fibonacci series generation or temperature conversion using code.
C++ is an extremely flexible programming language used for developing applications on multiple hardware platforms. It is particularly well suited for game development where performance is critical, system software that must interact closely with hardware, and developers looking for greater control over memory management in their systems.
Variables
Variables are locations in memory that programs use to store various pieces of data. Variables can be read, written and modified at any point during program execution; they come in various types such as integer, float and boolean values. Prior to being used in any way by programs, variables must first be declared and initialized in their declaration/initialization procedure.
Declaring variables involves assigning them with names and values; their final value will depend on its underlying expression; for example, 1 + 2 * 4 will result in 10 for its variable.
Changes can be made to variables during function calls; however, please keep in mind that such modifications will only take effect within their respective functions of use. If a variable is declared outside any functions it becomes global and can be accessed by all functions throughout a program.
An individual variable may have any name as long as it contains alphabet letters (A-Z and a-z), numbers (0-9), or an underscore sign (_). Once declared using auto keyword declaration, its data type will automatically deduce from its initializer’s values.
Arrays
An array is a data structure that enables you to store multiple values or items under a single variable name, making life simpler for software designers in terms of organizing the variables within their program and performing matrix operations. Furthermore, arrays can be utilized in numerous ways in software programs ranging from searching results storage and leaderboard creation during competitions to performing matrix operations and performing other matrix-related operations.
To create an array, it must first be declared as a variable with square [ ] brackets following its name in a declaration statement. Next, provide its size within parentheses so as not to overallocate memory space. After it has been created, its elements can be accessed using their index numbers that were assigned when creating.
Index numbers refer to memory locations where each array element is stored; its size determines how many memory locations it occupies. You can refer to an individual array element by both its index number and name; these references can also be found within programs themselves and real world applications like music streaming apps that display playlists, medical imaging (MRI or CT scan) that stores volumetric data as well as 3D computer graphics applications. Arrays have become extremely valuable components of many real world applications ranging from music streaming apps that display playlists to medical imaging (MRI and CT scans) storage of volumetric data storage as well as 3D computer graphics applications.
Functions
C++ is an impressive programming language, yet can be difficult to master. To make writing and reading programs simpler, functions are used. A function is an autonomous block of code which only runs when called and that takes in data before processing and returning an output value. Reusing and modularizing code are the core tenets of program design. Every program should include at least one function – main() – which performs initialization for the entire system, but additional custom functions can also be created as necessary to perform specific actions. A function declaration informs the compiler about its name, return type, number of parameters it accepts as well as any particular task its body should complete.
C++ provides two options for calling functions: by value or reference. Passing by value is usually preferable since this only passes copies of variables or arguments to the function, however if modifications need to be made it requires passing by reference and adding “& after each variable or argument in both its definition/prototype and function call.
This chapter of this tutorial covers various C++ functions you can create and how they can be utilized within your program, as well as passing values between functions and handling exceptions.
Operators
C++ is an extremely flexible programming language that offers great power. That is one reason it has become the choice for so many applications and systems such as 3D graphics, gaming, and real-time simulations.
As part of learning C++, it is essential that you become acquainted with its operators. These operators allow for performing mathematical operations, comparing values or characters and identifying whether a condition is true or false. Furthermore, comparison and logical operators exist within this language which are also utilized.
Assignment operators take arithmetic operations one step further by assigning values to variables. They’re commonly used when assigning arrays of data such as integers or characters with values.
As part of your C++ education, it’s also essential that you keep in mind the order of precedence of operators. This helps to ensure your programs execute in an orderly manner – for instance if an expression contains a logical not operator it will execute before any comparison operators like greater than or less than.
Practice examples with the various operators in C++ is an ideal way to familiarize yourself with them and gain confidence using them in your code. Fix some existing code to test out how you would approach problems; this will demonstrate both your knowledge and ability to produce well-formed code.
Conditional Statements
Conditional statements enable programmers to decide if a block of code should run or not based on whether a given condition is met, using statements like if and if…else. Both these options can be nestable for maximum flexibility when checking input such as user password inputs or array contents, as well as selecting actions depending on a user response to prompts.
The if statement checks a condition and executes code within its curly braces if its expression evaluates to true; otherwise, another set of code in its if block will get run instead.
Based on the outcome of your conditional, code in an if statement may consist of one line or an entire block. Furthermore, an else statement can follow after an if statement and execute any relevant blocks contained within its if block if the condition fails.
Conditional statements can also utilize the boolean operators OR, NOT and AND. These operators test multiple values simultaneously and return either zero if any are false, or one if all are true; OR is usually evaluated prior to AND while AND can be executed via an if statement. By combining OR with NOT before AND, programmers can create multipath decision logic in their programs including looping and branching logic. Nested if-else-if statements can even create “conditional bubbling”, whereby the compiler evaluates each condition stepwise until one condition turns false – creating multipath decision logic which could create multipath decision logic across their programs including looping and branching capabilities – creating multipath decision logic including looping and branching logic as well.
